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A complete well balanced diet is
critical for the health and well being of the horse. No matter how
active or inactive your horse is, the overall diet can be formulated to
meet protein and energy requirements. These requirements will vary
greatly by the activity level, age, metabolism, and required task of the
individual animal. It is not uncommon for hard working horses to become
protein or energy deficient at times. At the same time, it is very
common for well meaning owners to grossly overfeed their “pet”. These
animals have a minimum requirement for maintaining body condition that
needs to be met but because their activity level is so low they can
become overweight easily. These two examples indicate why you must feed
for the long term overall health and well being of your horse. If an
animal, whether it is a human being or a horse, has all it’s systems
functioning properly, it is going to be healthy. Healthy digestive
systems extract all the vitamins, minerals, proteins, etc. necessary to
maintain overall body condition. Properly functioning reproductive
systems made breeding and foaling a natural event. Strong immune
systems provide the first line of defense against infection and disease
that is so vital to maintaining a healthy animal. For this reason some
experts feel that the immune system is the most important system in the
body. If it fails or is overwhelmed, all the other body systems are at
risk of attack.
Easy keeping fit horses, by nature,
will be able to utilize their immune system to ward off or fight any
bacterial infections that possess the potential to do them bodily harm.
It is much cheaper to feed for health than to treat for cure. As the
saying goes “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”. Feeds or
feed ingredients high in naturally occurring Vitamin E are essential for
good immune function. Vitamin E is widely distributed in all fresh
natural feeds. This logic only applies to bacterial infections and a
healthy immune system. Sometimes, we as humans, and animals need a
little outside help to supplement our immune systems. When viral
infections invade us, even a good immune system needs help. Take the
most recent case of West Nile Virus. Two properly placed and properly
timed vaccinations are needed to give the immune system that needed
“boost” to ward off disease and infection of this magnitude. A well
rounded vaccination program compliments a well balanced feed program to
provide health care for your horse.
One of the easiest ways to tell if
your horse is healthy is to look at his overall appearance. Is he
within the weight requirements for his breed…remember too much weight is
as bad as too thin. If he is too thin, check his teeth to make sure he
can chew and digest his feed properly. Is his coat shiny with good skin
condition? Are his eyes alert and his ears up? Does he move around
freely with no signs of pain or distress? Are his legs sound and his
hooves properly maintained? Is he acting normal? Horses have
different personalities just like their owners. You can tell when
something is “just not right”.
Horses are forage digesters. To
stay healthy it is essential that the vast majority of their diet is
comprised of weed free pasture, mold free dry hay, or a combination of
the two. These forage sources provide the fiber fraction that is
necessary to maintain proper digestion and decrease the incidence of
colic. One of the biggest mistakes horse owners can make is over
feeding of grains or grain mixes. While the grains do provide a source
of energy for the horse, they contain high levels of starch. These
starch levels can lead to a variety of digestive problems. It is
possible that high quality forages put up in a timely manner can meet
the minimum energy requirements of many horses. To supplement this
forage energy source one can either feed lesser amounts of grain or use
one of the alternative energy sources. These alternative sources can be
broken down into two groups…the fats and the oils. Most fats, like
choice white grease, are hard to handle and mix in feed properly and
tend to be unpalatable to most horses. Solid fats are not the product
of choice for supplemental energy in equine diets. Fortunately, the
oils provide a high quality palatable source of energy without bringing
in the starch.
These oils, primarily corn and soy
oil, may be purchased at the local grocery store. If added energy is
all one is wanting, they be an acceptable source. Unfotunately, these
human consumption grocery store oils have been highly refined and
“bleached” to extract all the natural occurring ingredients. These oils
have also been extracted by use of chemical means. This oil will look
crystal clear on the shelf. A better alternative to the grocery store
oil is the use of all natural mechanically pressed expelled soy oil.
This product, as the name implies, is an all natural (no chemical
solvents) soy oil that is high in naturally occurring Vitamin E.
Remember earlier how we discussed the importance of Vitamin E to the
immune system as well as the reproductive system and this is natural
occurring Vitamin E, not a synthetic additive. All natural expelled oil
also contains lecithin. This is a natural emulsifier that greatly aids
in digestion. So now we have a product that not only reduces the starch
levels while providing energy but actually aids in digestion to reduce
colic. Expelled soy oil is also high in omega fatty acids for heart
health as well as overall health. It has been documented for a long
time what omega fatty acids do for human health. This research is
finally filtering down to equine nutrition. Earlier we touched on the
skin condition and hair coat of a healthy animal. Expelled soy oil with
its’ natural antioxidants will improve skin condition and give a horse
that “show ring shine”.
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